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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for juveniles
43 results foundAuthor: Mills, Helen Title: Policy, Purpose and Pragmatism: Dilemmas for Voluntary and Community Organisations Working with Black Young People Affected by Crime Summary: This report addresses the experiences of voluntary and community organizations (VCOs) who mainly work with young black individuals affected by crime. Details: London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 116491 Keywords: JuvenilesVoluntary and Community Organizations |
Author: American Civil Liberties Union, The ACLU of Connecticut Title: Hard Lessons: School Resource Officer Programs and School-Based Arrests in Three Connecticut Towns Summary: This report evaluates school-based arrests and school resource officer (SRO) programs in Connecticut. Details: New York: ACLU National Office, 2008 Source: Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116254 Keywords: JuvenilesSchool CrimeSchool Resource Officer |
Author: Seymour, Mairead Title: Young People on Remand Summary: This report discusses issues and options related to remanded juveniles. Details: Dublin: Minister for Health and Children, 2008 Source: Center for Social and Educational Research, Dublin Institute of Technology Year: 2008 Country: Ireland URL: Shelf Number: 116515 Keywords: JuvenilesRemand |
Author: Alberta (Canada). Children's Services Title: Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution: Protective Safe House Review Summary: A review of the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution (PChIP) Act's protective safe houses program in Alberta, Canada. Details: Edmonton, Alberta: Alberta Children's Services, 2004 Source: Year: 2004 Country: Canada URL: Shelf Number: 116542 Keywords: JuvenilesProstitutionSafe Houses |
Author: Hecht, Mark E. Title: Private Sector Accountability in Combating the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Summary: A report discussing the role of the private sector in addressing the Commerical Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC). Details: Bangkok: ECPAT International, 2008 Source: A contribution to the World Congress III against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, November 2008 Year: 2008 Country: Thailand URL: Shelf Number: 117291 Keywords: JuvenilesSex OffensesVictimization |
Author: United Nations Children's Fund. Innocenti Research Centre Title: A Study on Violence Against Girls: Report on the International Girl Child Conference, 9-10 March 2009, The Hague, the Netherlands Summary: This document summarizes the discussions and outcomes of the International Girl Child Conference. The conference addressed the gaps in knowledge, research and responses to violence against girls in the home and family. Details: Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2009 Source: Government of the Netherlands Year: 2009 Country: Netherlands URL: Shelf Number: 116245 Keywords: Female VictimsJuvenilesViolence |
Author: Young, Wendy Title: Prison Guard or Parent? INS Treatment of Unaccompanied Refugee Children Summary: This report focuses on the treatment that children asylum seekers receive in juvenile correctional facilities used by the Immigration and Naturalization Service to detain children. The report is based on site visits to eight centers that were conducted in August 2001 and interviews with INS officials, facility staff, detained children, and their lawyers across the country. Details: New York: Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 2002 Source: Year: 2002 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116208 Keywords: ImmigrationJuvenile CorrectionsJuveniles |
Author: Weiner, David A. Title: The Effects of School Desegregation on Crime Summary: This paper estimate the effects of court-ordered school desegregation on crime by exploiting plausibly random variation in the timing of when these orders go into effect across the set of large urban school districts ever subject of such orders. The estimates made by the authors imply that imposition of these court orders in the nation's largest school districts lowered the homicide rate to black teens and young adults nationwide by around 13 percent, and might account for around one-quarter of the convergence in black-white homicide rates over the period from 1970 to 1980. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009 Source: NBER Working Paper Series; Working Paper Series 15380 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 116373 Keywords: African-AmericansHomicideJuveniles |
Author: Capps, Randy Title: Paying the Price: The Impact of Immigration Raids on America's Children Summary: Over the past year, Immigration and Customs Enforcement has intensified immigration enforcement activities by conducting several large-scale worksite raids across the country. From an in-depth study of three communities: Greeley, CO, Grand Island, NE and New Bedford, MA. This report details the impact of these worksite raids on the well-being of children. Thie report provides detailed recommendations to a variety of stakeholders to help mitigate the harmful effects of worksite raids on children. Details: Washington, DC: National Council of La Raza, 2007 Source: Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 115336 Keywords: Immigration LawJuvenilesLaw EnforcementPolice Behavior |
Author: Fitch, Kate Title: Protecting children from sexual abuse in Europe: Safer recruitment of workers in a border-free Europe Summary: This report presents the case for improving cooperation across the European Union (EU) to protect children from sexual abuse. It identifies the main barriers that currently prevent the effective pre-employment vetting of migrant workers across Europe, and examines initiatives that have been or are being pursued at EU level, aimed at improving the exchanges of cross-border criminal information exchange. It makes recommendations on how the European Union and member states can improve cross-border cooperation for vetting and barring purposes, focusing particularly on the need to improve and share information. Details: London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), 2007 Source: Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 113537 Keywords: EmploymentJuvenilesVictimization |
Author: Ward, Jeanne Title: The Shame of War: Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls in Conflict Summary: This book's primary focus is on sexual crimes in war, its impact on women's lives, and efforts to turn the tide against the practice of using women's bodies as battlegrounds Details: Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations OCHA/IRIN, 2007 Source: Integrated Regional Information Networks Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 105033 Keywords: JuvenilesRapeSex CrimesWomen |
Author: Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and Families Title: Statutory Guidance on Children Who Run Away and Go Missing from Home or Care: Supporting Local Authorities to Meet the Requirements of National Indicator 71: Missing from Home and Care Summary: This guidance on children who run away or go missing in the United Kingdom is issued under section 7 of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970. Contents include: responding to the needs of all children and young people who run away and go missing; push/pull factors; regional arrangements and cross-border issues; Runaway and Missing from Home and Care (RMFHC) protocols; risk assessment; police Safe and Well Check and Return Interviews; care planning; placement matters; looked-after children trafficked from abroad; support for care staff; the law concerning missing or runaway children. Case studies covering examples of good practice are included. The annex includes National Indicator 71 - Missing from Home and Care criteria. Details: London: 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 115633 Keywords: JuvenilesRunaways |
Author: Wong, Jennifer S. Title: No Bullies Allowed: Understanding Peer Victimization, the Impacts of Delinquency, and the Effectiveness of Prevention Programs Summary: Over the past decade, school bullying has emerged as a prominent issue of concern for students, parents, educators, and researchers around the world. Research evidence suggests nontrivial and potentially serious negative repercussions of both bullying and victimization. This dissertation uses a large, nationally representative panel dataset and a propensity score matching technique to assess the impact of bully victimization on a range of 10 delinquency outcomes measured over a six-year period. Results show that victimization prior to the age of 12 years is significantly predictive of the development of several delinquent behaviors, including running away from home, selling drugs, vandalism, theft, other property crimes, and assault. As a whole, prevention programs are significantly effective at reducing the problem of victimization in schools but are only marginally successful at reducing bullying. More work is needed to determine why programs are more successful with victims of bullying than with perpetrators, and prevention efforts should focus on the development of programs that are more likely to bring about successful reductions in both bullying and victimization. Details: Santa Monica, CA: 2009 Source: Dissertation, Pardee Rand Graduate School Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 114742 Keywords: BullyingJuvenilesVictimization |
Author: Great Britain. Metropolitan Police Authority Title: Seen and Heard - Young People, Policing and Crime: An MPA Report Summary: The Metropolitan Policing Authority Youth Scrutiny was conducted between September 2007 and May 2008. The focus of this youth scrutiny was the causes, effects and impact of young people's involvement in crime as victims, witnesses and perpetrators and how this influence their interactions and relationships with the Metropolitan Police Service and other service providers who have a mandate to support and protect them. Details: London: 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 116246 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersJuvenilesPolice-Community RelationsWitnesses |
Author: Tomkin, Jean Title: Orphans of Justice: In Search of the Best Interests of the Child When a Parent is Imprisoned: A Legal Analysis Summary: In response to the increasing body of research examining the impact of parental imprisonment on children, this report undertakes to address how this is affecting the court decisions. Of concern is how judges are utilizing developing understandings of a child's best interests to interpret the international standard guaranteeing the child's rights. This paper examines case law and practice around the world in regards to these issues. Details: Geneva: Quaker United Nations Office, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: Switzerland URL: Shelf Number: 116263 Keywords: Criminal Justice PolicyFamilies of InmatesHuman RightsJuveniles |
Author: National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and other Related Matters (NAPTIP) Title: Nigeria: Country Response on Trafficking in Persons Especially Children and Women (2002-2007) Summary: This report is an update version of earlier reports of Trafficking in Persons (TIP) projects and programs implemented in Nigeria from 2002 to 2006. It highlights the successes of the Nigerian government and identifies gaps in the response and offers recommendations to fill those gaps. This report also has information on Nigeria's status as a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in persons. Also considered are legislative and policy developments, constraints and challenges, and highlights good practices and lessons learned in the course of program implementation. Details: Abuja, Nigeria: NAPTIP, Geneva: UNICEF, 2008 Source: Year: 2008 Country: Nigeria URL: Shelf Number: 115378 Keywords: Female VictimsHuman TraffickingJuvenilesNigeria |
Author: Rosenberg, Jennifer Title: Children Need Dads Too: Children with Fathers in Prison Summary: This paper attemtps to bring together available information on paternal imprisonment in order to identify the issues, raise awareness, promote further research and encourage changes in policy and practice. The aim is to ensure that children are a central concern in all cases of parental imprisonment and the gender specific concerns are fully understood in order to enable effective policy creation and the promotion and protection of the best interests of the child. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: Quaker United Nations Office, 2009 Source: Human Rights & Refugees Publications Year: 2009 Country: Switzerland URL: Shelf Number: 115798 Keywords: Families of InmatesJuveniles |
Author: Plan Togo Title: For the Price of a Bike: Child Trafficking in Togo Summary: This booklet is about the pervasiveness of child trafficking in Togo: the extent, causes, forms and consequences of the phenomenon. Led by four Togolese experts (from the disciplines of sociology, anthropology, socio-demography and economics), the research involved a study of existing documentation; consultations with relevant government bodies and non-government organizations (NGOs), the police, customs officers and others; and field research in all five regions of the country, in villages and towns identified as severly affected by child trafficking. Details: Woking, UK: Plan Togo, 2006 Source: Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 114856 Keywords: Human TraffickingJuveniles |
Author: Monahan, Lisa Title: Until They Die a Natural Death: Youth Sentenced to Life Without Parole in Massachusetts Summary: The Children's Law Center of Massachusetts identified and reviewed the cases of 46 people serving life sentences without parole in Massachusetts. Across the cases, youth were sentenced to life without parole for varying levels of participation in the crime and even if they were not the principal actor. The author, using new research data and interviews, attempts to answer whether or not youths are completely unredeemable at 14, 15, 0r 16 years old. Details: Lynn, MA: Children's Law Center of Massachusetts Source: Year: 0 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 114894 Keywords: CorrectionsJuvenilesLife Sentence |
Author: Kelly, Emmo Title: Bordering on Concern: Child Trafficking in Wales Summary: This research was commissioned by the Office of the Children's Commissioner Wales to consider what evidence base there is child trafficking in Wales. Whilst there is significant anecdotal evidence, so far there has been a lack of baseline data on children who have been trafficked, into, within and out of Wales. This research aims to address that gap and builds on research ECPAT UK has already conducted in England. Details: London: ECPAT UK, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 114864 Keywords: Human TraffickingJuvenilesWales |
Author: Kurtenbach, Sabine Title: Guatemala's Post-War Development: The Structural Failure of Low Intensity Peace Summary: The present study is part of the research project on "Social and Political Fractures after Wars: Youth Violence in Cambodia and Guatemala." The project aims at explaining different levels of youth violence in two post-war societies whose process of war termination are regarded as successful. However, both societies face serious problems of post-war development that are closely related to the experiences of war and war termination. Guatemala suffers from levels of violence higher than during most of the war. The differences between both countries in levels of violence and mechanisms of violence control are also visible in the incidence of youth violence. The project aims to explain these differences through the contextualization of youth violence. This working paper analyses continuity and change of violence in post-war Guatemala. Four development areas in post-war Guatemala are analyzed due to their relevance for the question of continuity and change of violence: organization, operating mode and legitimacy of the public security sector; development of the political system; deficits in the establishment of civil forms of conflict regulation; and the use of material, natural and human resources. Details: Duisburg, Germany: Institute for Development and Peace, 2008 Source: Social and Political Fractures after Wars: Youth Violence in Cambodia and Guatemala; Project Working Paper no. 3 Year: 2008 Country: Germany URL: Shelf Number: 114775 Keywords: JuvenilesViolence |
Author: Majd, Katayooh Title: Hidden Injustice: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth in Juvenile Courts Summary: The juvenile justice system has seen increasing reform efforts, but absent from the efforts has been a focus on the unique experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) court-involved youth. The report represents the first effort to examine the experiencs of these LGBT youth in juvenile courts across the country. Information was gathered from interviews and surveys with juvenile justice professionals, including judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers, detention staff, and other juvenile justice advocates; focus groups and interviews of youth and an extensive review of relevant social science and legal research findings. Details: San Francisco: Legal Services for Children and the National Center for Lesbian Rights; Washington, DC: National Juvenile Defender Center, 2009 Source: Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117058 Keywords: HomosexualityJuvenile CourtsJuvenile Justice SystemsJuveniles |
Author: Restifo, Francesca Title: Violence Against Women and Children in Kenya: An Alternative Report to the Committee Against Torture Summary: The purpose of this alternative report is to address matters that make women and children vulnerability of women and children, as regards their exposure to torture, and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment. Furthermore, it draws attention to consistent human rights violations involving torture and ill-treatment inflicted on women and children by both State officials and non-State actors. It also addresses to what extent the Kenyan government fails to protect women and children from torture. In this respect, the present report provides the Committee with a legal and practical overview on women's and children's rights in Kenya in the context of the implementation of the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: World Organisation Against Torture, 2008 Source: Year: 2008 Country: Switzerland URL: Shelf Number: 114859 Keywords: Female VictimsHuman RightsJuvenilesKenyaViolent Crime |
Author: Naker, Dipak Title: Violence Against Children: The Voices of Ugandan Children and Adults Summary: From the report: "[t]his study examines the stories and opinions of 1,406 children and 1,093 adults from five diverse districts in Uganda. Five complementary research methods including questionnaires, focus group discussions, narrative role plays, key informant interviews, and journal writing served to engage a broad range of individuals in sharing their experiences and perspectives on violence against children. Children were asked about their experiences of the violence used against them. Adults were asked about their perspective of violence against children." Details: Kampala, Uganda: Raising Voices and Save the Children in Uganda, 2005 Source: Year: 2005 Country: Uganda URL: Shelf Number: 115386 Keywords: JuvenilesViolent Crime |
Author: Altamura, Alessia Title: Their Proctection is in Our Hands: The State of Global Child Trafficking for Sexual Purposes Summary: From the introduction: "this report constitutes the first step of this global advocacy strategy through the compiliation of specific baseline information and assessment of progress acheived by States in ensuring the protection of children from sex trafficking. The report provides and overview of the trends and manifestations of child sex trafficking across regions and the various combinations of factors putting children at risk of falling prey to the traffickers. It also examines the types of interventions and good practices that are necessary to prevent, protect and assist children in the trafficking process and proposes global goals and targets for securing a safer world for children." Details: Bangkok, Thailand: ECPAT International; Littlehampton, UK: The Body Shop International, 2009. 59p. Source: Year: 2009 Country: Thailand URL: Shelf Number: 117357 Keywords: JuvenilesSex Trafficking |
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Juvenile Justice: DOJ Is Enhancing Information on Effective Programs, but Could Better Assess the Utility of This Information Summary: State juvenile justice systems in the U.S. face critical problems when it comes to juvenile delinquency issues such as reentry and substance abuse. This report reviews juvenile reentry and substance abuse program research and efforts by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to provide information on effective programs (i.e., whether a program achieves its intended goal) and cost-beneficial programs. This report addresses (1) expert opinion and available research on these types of reentry and substance abuse programs, (2) the extent to which OJJDP assesses its efforts to disseminate information on effective programs, and (3) OJJDP's plans to accomplish its research and evaluation goals. Details: Washington, DC: GAO, 2009. 60p. Source: GAO-10-125 Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 117747 Keywords: Juvenile Justice (U.S.)Juvenile Reentry (U.S. )Juvenile Substance Abuse (U.S. )Juveniles |
Author: Murphy, Kristina Title: Policing Youth: Can Procedural Justice Nurture Youth Cooperation with Police? Summary: Australian crime statistics reveal that young people are the most likely population group to have contact with the police, and persons aged 15 to 19 years are the most prominent group to have contact with police for the commission of a crime. When compared to their older counterparts, young people are more likely to attract police attention, in part because of their high level of involvement in illegal activity. Behaviours that are legal for adults may not be so for youth. Examples include alcohol consumption, temporary absenteeism from school, and driving cars unlicensed. iven young people are also more likely to congregate in public areas they are also often considered a public nuisance, and therefore attract unwanted police attention. Hence, the wider societal culture that deems that young people are a threat tends to provide justification for police to attend to youth in order to avoid potential trouble. Removing youth from visible street locations, often when the youth are not involved in any illegal or deviant behaviour can result in negative opinion toward police by the youth. The extra police attention for not doing anything wrong creates a sense that they are being treated like trouble-makers. This promotes tense and hostile police-youth encounters, and leads many youth to have a pessimistic view of police enacting their authority unfairly. Using survey data collected from a sample of Australian youth, the present study examines factors that lead young people to question police authority, and how such factors can ultimately affect their willingness to cooperate with police efforts to control crime and disorder effectively. Details: Geelong, VIC, Australia: Alfred Deakin Research Institute, Deakin University, 2010. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Alfred Deakin Research Institute, Working Paper No. 06: Accessed September 10, 2010 at: http://www.deakin.edu.au/alfred-deakin-research-institute/publications/workingpapers/adri-working-paper-06.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.deakin.edu.au/alfred-deakin-research-institute/publications/workingpapers/adri-working-paper-06.pdf Shelf Number: 119779 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersJuvenilesNuisance Behaviors and DisorderPolice-Community RelationsProblem YouthPublic Opinion |
Author: Grossman, Michele Title: Don't Go There: Young People's Perspectives on Community Safety and Policing Summary: This study aimed to find out what young people aged 15-19 in the Brimbank area think about community safety and about the ways in which police and young people interact on these issues. Using a mixed-method study design that collected data through a survey and focus groups, the study sought to answer the following research questions: What helps young people to feel safe? What leads to young people feeling unsafe or at risk when they are in public spaces? What do young people see as the triggers and causes of increased violence and conflict amongst groups of young people? What do young people think about police in their local area and how can relationships between young people and police be improved? How can police and young people work together in improving community safety in the Brimbank area? This project surveyed 500 young people drawn from the general population in Brimbank and engaged a further 44 young people from Sudanese and Pacific Islander backgrounds through focus group discussions, as well as 14 young people drawn from the general population in a focus group looking specifically at strategies for improved youth-police consultation mechanisms on community safety. The evidence base provided through the Don’t Go There study has emerged through detailed and rigorous elicitation and analysis of the perceptions, views and voices of young people themselves. The findings of the research report are essentially ‘data-up’ findings that have been generated through a series of questions and themes that, while they are informed by a range of concerns and interests for Victoria Police as the key stakeholder in the project, have been independently pursued in the research design and have allowed young people to speak freely and in detail about what most concerns them in relation to the main issues canvassed in the study. While the findings presented below are specific to what young people who live in the Brimbank region have said in response to the research questions and themes, the methodology used in this survey, as detailed in Chapter 7 of the report, is fully transferable and can be used to elicit the views and perspectives of young people anywhere in the state to gather similarly rich locale- or regionally-based data. Details: Melbourne: Victoria University, 2010. 204p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2010 at: http://www.vu.edu.au/sites/default/files/mcd/pdfs/dont-go-there-study-may-2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.vu.edu.au/sites/default/files/mcd/pdfs/dont-go-there-study-may-2010.pdf Shelf Number: 119986 Keywords: Community SafetyFear of CrimeJuvenile OffendersJuvenilesPolice-Community RelationsPublic Opinion |
Author: Littlechild, Brian Title: The Introduction of Restorative Justice Approaches in Young People's Residential Units: A Critical Evaluation Summary: In 2000, Hertfordshire County Council's Youth Justice and Children, Schools and Families (CSF) services successfully introduced restorative justice in one of its young people's residential units. Following this introduction and its evaluation, this report looks at the widespread introduction in 2002 of restorative justice into all four of the county council's young people's residential units, including a home for children with disabilities. Restorative justice was introduced as a way of dealing with interpersonal conflicts, as well as with residents' criminal and anti-social behaviour. This report evaluates the influence of restorative justice on young people and staff, and their experiences of its effects as a means of dealing with residents' criminal acts, anti-social behaviour and interpersonal conflicts. It also analyses the effect that its introduction had on police call-outs to the four residential units. One of the key aims of the evaluation project was to analyse the impact of restorative justice on bullying. A previous evaluation had found that bullying was the most challenging form of antisocial behaviour for staff and young people to deal with. Details: London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 2010. 2010. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 6, 2010 at: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/restorative_justice_report_wdf72979.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/restorative_justice_report_wdf72979.pdf Shelf Number: 120385 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorBullyingJuvenilesRestorative Justice (U.K.) |
Author: Kurdish Info Title: The Punitive-Justice System that Kurdish Chidlren are Subjected to in the 21st Century Turkey Summary: In order to understand the case of the children, who have been included in the police records for many years, it is necessary to know, scrutinise and internalise the incidents that have been going on in the land in which they have born and grew up. This can only be achieved by seeking an answer to the question “who are these children” or questioning the deteriorating effects of the dirty war that has been experienced in the region for almost 30 years. The intense period of conflict (1990-1996) that coincides with the date of birth of these children living in the Eastern and South Eastern regions of which the administration have been surrendered to JITEM (Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele - Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counterterrorism) and an armed force consisting of village guards. With their extralegal and inhuman implementations of dirty war for many years, these armed forces inflicted irreparable damages upon the population of the region. Excluding the village guards, every individual, who earned their living through agriculture and animal husbandry in the villages and fields, have been subjected to oppression, violence and forced displacement for being declared potential suspects. Relying on the authority and powers they have been entrusted with, the armed forces have not only targeted the opponents of the system, but also subjected the people, who stood before their personal interests, to inhuman treatment. There have been thousands of unsolved and solved killings in the region, while thousands were forced to leave their homes. Their homes, belongings and even animals have been burned alive in front of their eyes. While some of them resettled in the nearest city centres, a substantial proportion of people had to immigrate to Western cities. The people who have been living on the land for many years, have been denied access to their village to use their land, fields and gardens by the security forces on the pretext of security. Members of the families who were forced to resettle in the cities are unemployed, devoid of any income and continue with their lives in great economic distress. They have found themselves in the midst of a village-city conflict with economic, social, cultural alienation as well as issues in relation to language and identity. During the years of ascendancy of the dirty war (1990-1996), the unity of police, JITEM and Hizbullah (Party of God), caused extrajudicial executions in the cities every day, thousands of detentions as a results of which the bodies have not yet been found, disappearance of people who have been taken away while at home or work as well as thousands of unsolved killings. During these years, many provinces in the region were subject of discussion only in relation to the killings and there have been news of a disappearance every day for years. The dark powers that regenerated the dirty face of war have ended so many lives without distinguishing between shop-owners, office-workers, old, young or child. Today, almost all the children who have been arrested, tried in Diyarbakir, Sirnak, Mardin, Batman and many other cities and sentenced to quarter of century of imprisonment, are the witnesses and belong to families, who are material and psychological victims of the dirty war in the villages and fields, which have been evacuated by the security powers on the pretext of security, of Eastern and South Eastern regions that have been subjected to discriminatory policies and regarded as Region of State of Emergency. The streets that witnessed the slogans and victory signs of children today, have witnessed the unsolved murder or disappearance of one of the family members in those years. The father or some other relative of these children has either been subject to an unsolved murder or disappeared without a trace of body, or whose mother or father have been accused of various crimes and sentenced. The conditions of education and problems in relation to language, identity, discrimination and alienation in their new cities have made quite negative influences on the children, who are in a process of development. The greatest factors that influenced the children to resort to such incidents (stone throwing) are such experiences. The incidents that the children encountered have completely shaped their view of police, soldier and state in a negative manner. It must be emphasised that the state, which disregarded the incidents that made the children resort to such actions in the contexts of conflict, has enacted laws that sentenced the children, seen as individuals, to imprisonment as long as their ages instead of re-organising the political institutions, developing itself, establishing a better framework of administration, and carrying out activities for the peace and liberty of the individual. Today, the security forces that use the authority given to them by the anti-terror law uses violence and detains individuals without distinguishing between male, female, adult or child, and without even considering whether they took part in the incidents or not. During the incidents that took part in the region, security forces have detained many children by looking into their palms to see whether they are dusty or sweaty. Details: Kurdish-info.eu, 2010. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 15, 2010 at: http://www.kurdish-info.eu/media/files/CHILDREN2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Turkey URL: http://www.kurdish-info.eu/media/files/CHILDREN2010.pdf Shelf Number: 119838 Keywords: Human Rights (Turkey)Juvenile DetentionJuvenile OffendersJuveniles |
Author: Oakley, Robin Title: Are you saying I'm Racist? An evaluation of work to tackle racist violence in three areas of London Summary: Racist violence continues to be a serious problem in Britain. In 2010/11 more than 51,187 racist incidents were recorded by the police in England & Wales, of which 9,464 (18%) occurred in London and the British Crime Survey estimates that the actual number of such incidents is around 200,000 annually. A recent study by the Institute of Race Relations indicates that more than 90% of perpetrators are white, 85% are male, and 60% are perpetrated by children or young adults under 25. The emergence of the English Defence League, and signs that inter-ethnic violence between minority groups may be increasing, both underline that this is an issue that continues to need to be addressed, especially through work with young people. Current approaches, however, do not seem to be proving effective. Focusing on tackling the problem primarily through responding to incidents once they have occurred is too limited an approach. ‘Zero tolerance’ as a response to racism in work with young people (e.g. by teachers excluding pupils for such behaviour from school) fails to address the underlying causes of their attitudes and behaviour. There is little reason to believe that reactive and repressive responses will bring about the necessary change: a more proactive response that draws out the problem and confronts it with the aim of prevention is needed. Three projects in London have been developing ways of working with young people to prevent them becoming involved in racist violence. The Trust for London initiated and funded this initiative after research had shown that, although young people tend to be the main perpetrators, there was little preventive work being targeted directly at those at risk of such involvement. The projects developed a variety of innovative approaches, engaging mainly with groups of young people in neighbourhoods and schools. Most of the young people the projects worked with were white, but some were black or from other minority ethnic groups. Some were linked with gangs, but most were not, and the project workers found that racist attitudes were widely held among young people in their areas, and that being ‘at risk’ of involvement in racist violence was widespread rather affecting only a special few. Their experience shows that face-to-face work with young people at the local level by skilled practitioners can have a significant impact on racist attitudes and behaviour, thus reducing ethnic tensions and promoting integration among young people with different backgrounds and identities. There is an urgent need, however, to integrate the lessons from this initiative into mainstream policy around youth and community issues, and also into the core training and everyday practice of youth and community workers and staff in schools. Details: London: Trust for London, 2011. 90p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 21, 2012 at http://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/PVR_Full%20Report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/PVR_Full%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 123715 Keywords: Hate CrimesJuvenilesRacist Crimes (United Kingdom)Violence |
Author: Cipriani, Don Title: South Asia and the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: Raising the Standard of Protection for Children't Rights Summary: The following sections offer a basic introduction to the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) and related age limits. After establishing some practical working definitions, a snapshot of South Asian MACRs is presented, which is then matched up against MACRs in other regions of the world. Finally, a brief analysis of human rights jurisprudence – developed largely under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) – concludes with the basic children’s rights standards for MACR provisions, and a short comparison of South Asia’s provisions against those standards. Details: Kathmandu, Nepal: UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia, 2008. 67p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 28, 2012 at http://www.unicef.org/rosa/Criminal_Responsibility_08July_05(final_copy).pdf Year: 2008 Country: Asia URL: http://www.unicef.org/rosa/Criminal_Responsibility_08July_05(final_copy).pdf Shelf Number: 123859 Keywords: Age of Criminal Responsibility (South Asia)Human RightsJuveniles |
Author: Kurtenbach, Sabine Title: Youth Violence as a Scapegoat - Youth in Post-War Guatemala Summary: The present study is part of the research project on “Social and Political Fractures after Wars: Youth Violence in Cambodia and Guatemala”. The project is financed by the German Foundation for Peace Research and is located at the Institute for Development and Peace at the University of Duisburg-Essen. The project aims at explaining different levels of youth violence in two post-war societies whose processes of war termination are regarded as successful. However, both societies face serious problems of post-war development that are closely related to the experiences of war and war termination. While Cambodia’s democratization process is considered more or less as a failure, Guatemala suffers from levels of violence higher than during most of the war. The differences between both countries in levels of violence and mechanisms of violence control are also visible in the incidence of youth violence. This working paper presents the findings of the case study on Guatemala. While there have been abundant discussions on youth violence all over Central America most of these studies only indirectly relate youth violence to the experience of war and widespread violence. Following the focus of the conceptual frame on youth violence in post-war societies presented in Working Paper 1 and based on the analysis of post-war fractures in working paper 3, this study looks at youth violence under the perspective of continuity and change. After analysing the involvement of youths in war and violence and the consequences those experiences have on young people different life-worlds for post-war youths will be investigated. Youth violence in Guatemala is neither as widespread as public discussions suggest nor can most youth violence be contributed to organized gangs. The disaggregation of youth violence according to different causes, dynamics and life-worlds shows that youth violence mostly serves as a scapegoat and as an excuse to maintain the exclusive societal status quo. Details: Duisburg, Germany: Institute for Development and Peace, 2008. 34p. Source: INEF Working Paper No. 5: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2012 at Year: 2008 Country: Germany URL: Shelf Number: 124028 Keywords: JuvenilesViolence (Cambodia) (Guatemala) |
Author: OECD Title: Reducing the Involvement of Youth in Armed Violence: Programming Note, Conflict and Fragility Summary: Armed violence is an everyday reality for millions of people around the globe. More than 700 000 people die as a result of armed violence each year. Many more experience traumatic loss in their families and are left with lasting psychological and physical scars. The impact of armed violence extends further, negatively influencing development, peace and good governance, often by creating a climate of impunity, corruption and by undermining public institutions. It is also closely tied with transnational crime and the misery and abuse associated with the illegal trafficking of arms, drugs and people. Finally, the economic impact of armed violence is striking with the cost of lost productivity due to non-conflict armed violence alone estimated to cost upwards of USD 95 billion annually worldwide. This violence has important youth and gender dimensions. The majority of perpetrators and victims are men, while women and girls are at greater risk of violence that is less visible and committed in the private sphere, including intimate partner violence, child abuse, sexual and gender based violence. Measures at reducing armed violence are therefore also measures at reducing human suffering. The OECD DAC policy paper Armed Violence Reduction: Enabling Development, published in 2009, acknowledged as a challenge the increased levels of armed violence in non-conflict countries, the increasing linkage between conflict and crime, rapidly growing youth populations in the south and accelerating levels of unregulated urbanisation. The paper provided a methodology to help donors tackle the programming challenging of reducing armed violence. Building on the OECD DAC policy paper, three programming notes were developed to contribute to our understanding of specific types of armed violence: Youth and armed violence, armed violence in urban areas and Security System Reform in relation to Armed violence reduction. Each note aims to improve our understanding of these dynamics while also offering practical assistance on assessments, programme design, risk management, monitoring and evaluation, as well as on entry points for direct and indirect programming. Details: OECD: 2011. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2012 at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/12/47942093.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/12/47942093.pdf Shelf Number: 124030 Keywords: Armed ViolenceJuveniles |
Author: Samuels, Julie E. Title: Collecting DNA from Juveniles Summary: Collecting DNA from Juveniles examines the laws, policies, and practices related to juvenile DNA collection in the United States. States have increasingly required juveniles - mostly those adjudicated delinquent but also some arrestees - to submit DNA samples for analysis and inclusion in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), the FBI-operated national database. The report describes the issues encountered during the implementation of these laws, including the coordination challenges between the state crime labs and juvenile justice agencies, and discusses the challenges that researchers and practitioners face in assessing the effects of juvenile DNA collection on public safety outcomes. Details: Washington, DC: Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, 2011. 67p. Source: Final Report: Internet Resource: Accessed February 10, 2012 at http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/417487-Collecting-DNA-from-Juveniles.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/417487-Collecting-DNA-from-Juveniles.pdf Shelf Number: 124073 Keywords: Crime LaboratoriesDNA TypingForensic ScienceJuveniles |
Author: Kurtenbach, Sabine Title: Youth Violence in Post-War Societies - Conceptual Considerations on Continuity and Change of Violence: Social and Political Fractures after Wars: Youth Violence in Cambodia and Guatemala Summary: The present study is part of the research project on “Social and Political Fractures after Wars: Youth Violence in Cambodia and Guatemala”. The project is financed by the German Foundation for Peace Research and is located at the Institute for Development and Peace at the University of Duisburg-Essen. The project aims at explaining different levels of youth violence in two post-war societies whose processes of war termination are regarded as successful. However, both societies face serious problems of post-war development that are closely related to the experiences of war and war termination. While Cambodia’s democratisation process is considered more or less as a failure, Guatemala suffers from levels of violence higher than during most of the war. The differences between both countries in levels of violence and mechanisms of violence control are also visible in the incidence of youth violence. The project aims to explain these differences through the contextualisation of youth violence. Thus the main focus is directed at the societal and political fractures war and war termination cause for youth and their life-worlds. The working hypotheses were related to differences according to a) the levels of social differentiation; b) the relationship between political and economic power; c) normative frameworks; and d) the sequencing of post-war developments (namely between liberalisation and stabilisation). This approach has methodological consequences insofar as different levels of youth violence are what we seek to explain. The perspective of the actors themselves is beyond our approach. After having identified the relevant fractures this would be the task of further research. This working paper introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of both post-war societies and youth violence. This conceptual framework then serves as basis for the comparison of post-war developments in Cambodia and Guatemala with a focus on violence control and public security (working papers no. 2 and 3). The topic of youth violence will be addressed in working papers no. 4 and 5. The working papers will be followed by a comparison of the case studies and an outline of consequences for future research (working paper no. 6). Details: Duisburg, Germany: Institute for Development and Peace, 2008. 43p. Source: Project Working Paper No. 1: Internet Resource: Accessed February 14, 2012 at http://www.humansecuritygateway.info/documents/DSF_SocialPoliticalFracturesAfterWarsYouthViolence_Cambodia_Guatemala.pdf Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.humansecuritygateway.info/documents/DSF_SocialPoliticalFracturesAfterWarsYouthViolence_Cambodia_Guatemala.pdf Shelf Number: 113633 Keywords: JuvenilesViolence (Cambodia) (Guatemala) |
Author: Davidson, Neil Title: An Evaluation of the ‘Positive Futures Programme’ Summary: This research was commissioned by Inverclyde Council to evaluate their Positive Futures Programme (PFP). Within Inverclyde, youth unemployment, anti-social behaviour, vandalism, youth disorder and underage drinking were identified as being a concern within specific local community areas1. Inverclyde is also identified as being one of the most deprived areas in Scotland. The 2009 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) shows that 45% of datazones in Inverclyde are in the 20% most deprived quintiles and there are increasing numbers of datazones in the 5%, 10% and 15% most deprived. According to the SIMD Inverclyde has the second highest percentage of employment deprived people in Scotland. Furthermore, the Scottish indicates that 21% of the population of Inverclyde are income deprived compared to the national average of 16%. It is in this context that the PFP has emerged. The programme was developed by Inverclyde Council’s youth workers to provide a range of early intervention and diversionary programmes and activities for young people – aged 15 to 17 years of age – who are at risk of becoming or are disengaged from the education system and other youth orientated services. The programme is part of Inverclyde Council’s Safer and Inclusive Communities project and has evolved from, and in conjunction with, other similar programmes, including Guardian Angels and New Horizons. The aim of the PFP is to work with disengaged young people who have chaotic lifestyles and to provide them with alternative forms of education and opportunities. A range of ‘taster’2 workshops, fitness sessions, and personal development classes are provided to develop self-esteem, team building and communication skills, and physical and mental well-being. The programme is tailored to each young person involved in the programme and to accommodate their individual needs. The programme runs for 16 weeks twice a year. Young people are referred to the programme predominately via the education system as part of a Flexible Learning Package (FLPs) but can also be referred through social services. Once referred, young people attend anything from one day a week to five days a week, according to their specific needs. Many of them are known to the staff and have already been in contact with other agencies in the area. The desired outcomes for the young people are a return to the education system, a reduction in offending and anti-social behaviour, and the promotion of good citizenship. As well as these, the young people are encouraged to participate in workshops and activities that will provide them with a level of accreditation that may assist them in securing future employment or signpost them to other agencies to continue their development and improve their life chances. This programme is consistent with the current Scottish Government’s strategies More Choices, More Chances (MCMC) (2006) and Get It Right for Every Child (GIRfEC) (2008). MCMC’s overall objective is to “eradicate the problem of NEET [not in education, employment or training]” amongst young people and in order to do so “demands action from a range of agencies in every local authority area in the country”). GIRfEC is a guide relevant to all those involved or working with children and young people who need to be aware how the approach can “have a positive impact for all children and young people” so that they can be “successful learners, confident individuals, effective contributors and responsible citizens”. This evaluation has sought to critically assess the following: The impact of the programme on the young people; Examples of effective/good practice; What, if anything, could be improved, added to or removed from the programme in the future; Next steps and recommendations. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Caledonian University and Scottish Institute for Policing Research, 2012. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 7, 2012 at: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/PFP_Report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/PFP_Report.pdf Shelf Number: 125875 Keywords: Delinquency Prevention (Scotland)Disadvantaged YouthJuveniles |
Author: Player, Candice Title: Things I Have Seen and Heard: How Educators, Youth Workers and Elected Leaders Can Help Reduce the Damage of Childhood Exposure to Violence in Communities Summary: Even as violent crime declines across the nation, children who live in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty continue to be exposed to high levels of violence in their communities. Not until fairly recently, though, has a research consensus formed to help us understand far-reaching effects of neighborhood violence exposure and direct us toward promising solutions to reduce its damage to young people. This brief from the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice summarizes and translates this research into useable form. We offer concrete recommendations and action steps for the many men and women committed to increasing opportunity and life chances for children who live in disenfranchised neighborhoods where violence is commonplace. Details: Cambridge, MA: Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race & Justice, Harvard Law School, 2009. 15p. Source: http://www.charleshamiltonhouston.org/assets/documents/publications/ThingsIHaveSeenandHeard_Website.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United States URL: http://www.charleshamiltonhouston.org/assets/documents/publications/ThingsIHaveSeenandHeard_Website.pdf Shelf Number: 126015 Keywords: Cycle of ViolenceExposure to ViolenceHarm ReductionJuveniles |
Author: Ipsos MORI Title: Anti-Social Behaviour: People, Place and Perceptions Summary: By definition, the scale and impact of anti-social behaviour can only be measured by gauging the perceptions of those whose lives are affected by such behaviour. These survey measures continually show anti-social behaviour issues to be at the forefront of local concerns, surpassing the more traditional responsibilities attached to relevant local public service providers. The 7-strand anti-social behaviour index aggregates the extent to which residents classify different local issues as being problematic in their local areas. These range from environmental-related concerns of rubbish and litter lying around and abandoned or burnt out cars, through to vandalism, graffiti and other deliberate damage, people being drunk or rowdy, people using or dealing drugs, teenagers hanging around on the streets and noisy neighbours or loud parties. It is this 7-strand index measure that we use as the key perceptual indicator in our analysis. Details: London: Ipsos Mori,2007. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Shelf Number: 126162 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Disorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyJuvenilesNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Spaces |
Author: Howard League for Penal Reform Title: On Our Side? Young People and the Police: Can the police and crime commissioners lead the way for change? Summary: U R Boss is the Howard League’s youth participation project for young people in the criminal justice system. We work with young people to tackle their concerns through legal support and policy and campaigning work. • We have worked with young people across the country who have had varying levels of contact with the police. Participation work has been carried out with young people’s community groups, youth offending teams (YOTs) and young people who are currently or have been in prison. There have been common attitudes, opinions and concerns amongst all the young people we have worked with. • U R Boss has highlighted a number of serious concerns about the police. Some young people find that the police are seen as not caring about young people and some young people experience racism or serious bad practice. Young people are also concerned about being identified as ‘the usual suspects’ and experience inappropriate and intrusive stop and search practices. • We want to improve the purpose and quality of interactions between young people and the police, built on a base of mutual respect. Key to improving relationships is the need for regular and meaningful engagement with young people. • The landscape for policing is changing dramatically with the introduction of Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs). This is a unique opportunity to make sure community voices, especially those of young people in contact with the criminal justice system, are heard, listened to and acted on to improve practice. • As gatekeepers for much of the criminal justice system, the police occupy a unique position to use their discretion, innovation and intelligence-led policing to use more direct and proportionate responses. A time of austerity and forces facing cuts to their budgets offers an opportunity to reassess the most effective way that resources can be used. • We are asking local PCC candidates to pledge to consult with young people in contact with the criminal justice system when developing their police and crime plans. • We are working with police at all levels to improve practice in their contact with young people. During the campaign, we are building on this by working with young people to identify and collate examples of good practice in policing. After the elections we will offer to work with successful candidates to develop meaningful ways of consulting young people and embed good practice. Details: London: Howard League for Penal Reform, 2012. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2013 at: http://www.urboss.org.uk/downloads/publications/On_our_Side_FULL_document.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.urboss.org.uk/downloads/publications/On_our_Side_FULL_document.pdf Shelf Number: 129465 Keywords: Juvenile OffendersJuvenilesPolice-Community Relations (U.S.) |
Author: Gupte, Jaideep Title: Understanding 'Urban Youth' and the Challenges they Face in Sub-Saharan Africa: Unemployment, Food Insecurity and Violent Crime Summary: Much of Africa is urbanising fast and its young population is projected to constitute the largest labour force in the world. While urbanisation can be linked closely with economic development, we also know that it is the least developed countries that have younger populations than the rest of the world. This duality implies that understanding the nature of risks and vulnerabilities faced by urban youth, how they are impacted by them, as well as how they respond to and may be resilient against them, continue to be important questions for furthering development in sub-Saharan Africa. A key conceptual debate surrounds how the category of 'youth' is understood, as several definitions of the term exist, ranging from age bands to social or cultural framings. In this paper we look to review how the various definitions of 'youth' relate to three dominant discourses about poverty and vulnerability in urbanising Africa: (1) food insecurity; (2) unemployment/joblessness; and (3) violence/insecurity. By doing so, we seek to identify if and when these are responsive to youth needs and practical in terms of policy efforts aiming to reduce poverty and vulnerability in urban areas. Details: Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 2014. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: IDS Evidence Report no. 81: Accessed July 3, 2014 at: http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/4122/ER81%20Understanding%20Urban%20Youth%20and%20the%20Challenges%20they%20face%20in%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%20Unemployment,%20Food%20Insecurity%20and%20Violent%20Crime.pdf;jsessionid=04480EA1517A659737664826FCEF0713?sequence=1 Year: 2014 Country: Africa URL: Shelf Number: 132615 Keywords: Juvenile DelinquencyJuvenilesPovertyUrban AreasYouthYouth Violence |
Author: National Juvenile Justice Network Title: Supporting Immigrant Youth Caught in the Crosshairs of the Justice System Summary: Executive Summary Out of the estimated 11.1 million noncitizen immigrants living in America today, approximately one million are children under 18 years old. Many of these youth have come to this country fleeing violence and oppression, carry complex emotional burdens from trauma, and face basic language barriers. As national anti-immigrant rhetoric has escalated to the point of associating immigrants with animals and infestation and equating immigrant youth with gang members, these youthful immigrants have often become caught in the crosshairs of the justice system. Rather than being supported to develop into successful adults, immigrant youth are more often being targeted for arrest, detention, and deportation. As immigrant youth engage with the school and youth justice systems in this country, it is incumbent upon us to treat these youth - as we aspire to treat all youth in the United States - equitably, with dignity, and in a way that supports positive youth development and the rehabilitative goals of the youth justice system. Supporting immigrant youth has become increasingly more difficult, however, as federal, state, and local jurisdictions have adopted laws and policies that are threatening to immigrant youth and their families and fail to humanely support them. These include policies that promote local cooperation with federal immigration authorities, facilitate the deportation of immigrant youth and families, fail to protect the confidentiality of young people's school and justice records, increase harm to immigrant youth involved in the justice system, and fail to provide trauma informed, culturally and linguistically competent services for immigrant youth. While some of these policies negatively impact all youth, they can have profound consequences for immigrant youth, including higher risk of detention and the possibility of deportation. All these policies further serve to traumatize and instill fear in immigrant youth, impeding their ability to follow through on the services that will lead them on the path to positive youth development. Recommendations NJJN makes the following recommendations to support policies that uplift all families and further best practices for positive youth development for all youth, regardless of immigration status. 1) Do not entangle local and state law enforcement, youth justice, and school officials with federal immigration enforcement and encourage laws and policies that support immigrant youth. 2) Do not use gang databases and, where used, do not share them with federal authorities. 3) Safeguard students with policies that prohibit federal immigration authorities from entering schools, require warrants or other court documents to review student records, and discourage the use of school resource officers for the handling routine disciplinary matters. 4) Protect the confidentiality of all youth in the justice system, including immigrant youth. 5) Avoid detaining youth, including immigrant youth. 6) Use an immigration lens when reviewing current and proposed youth justice policies. Consider the possibility that children and/or adults that care for them may be immigrants and take actions that support their healthy development, rather than further traumatizing or harming them. 7) Ensure youth in the juvenile justice system have access to defense counsel that understand the immigration consequences of juvenile justice system involvement and, where necessary, access to immigration attorneys. Details: Washington, DC: 2018. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 16, 2019 at: http://www.njjn.org/our-work/supporting-immigrant-youth-caught-in-the-crosshairs-of-the-justice-system Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/Supporting%20Immigrant%20Youth,%20NJJN%20Policy%20Platform,%20August%20%202018.pdf Shelf Number: 154225 Keywords: DeportationImmigrant YouthImmigrantsImmigration and Customs EnforcementJuvenile Justice SystemJuvenilesMigrantsRefugees |
Author: HM Inspectorate of Prisons Title: Children in Custody 2017-18: An Analysis of 12-18 Year Olds' Perceptions of Their Experiences in Secure Training Centres and Young Offender Institutions Summary: Key findings This independent report by HM Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP), commissioned by the Youth Justice Board (YJB), presents the findings from 686 surveys completed by children detained at every secure training centre (STC) (N=3) and young offender institution (YOI) (N=5, plus a separate specialist unit at one site) between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. All surveys were conducted to support unannounced inspections of each establishment. The surveys enable comparisons to be made with the results from 2016-17 and between children with different characteristics or experiences. In relation to STCs, our survey findings during 2017-18 show that: - broadly speaking the profile of children in STCs has not changed since 2016-17: - 42% of all children in STCs identified as being from a black or other minority ethnic background; - 8% of children identified as female; - one in eight (13%) children identified as Muslim; - the proportion who said they were from a Gypsy, Romany or Traveller background was 11%, which compares with estimates of 0.01% in the population as a whole; - over a third of children (34%) reported feeling unsafe at some point since arriving at the STC. Fourteen per cent felt unsafe at the time of the inspection - those children who reported having felt unsafe also reported poorer experiences in the area of victimisation than those who did not; - over half of children (56%) in STCs reported that they had been physically restrained in the centre; - nearly a third of children (30%) reported being victimised by other children by being shouted at through windows. In relation to YOIs, our survey findings during 2017-18 show that: - the profile of boys in YOIs has not changed significantly since 2016-17: - over half (51%) of boys identified as being from a black or minority ethnic background, the highest rate recorded through our surveys in the secure estate; - the proportion of boys who had experienced local authority care was 39%; - nearly a quarter (23%) of boys identified as Muslim; - almost one-fifth (19%) of boys reported having a disability; - fewer than one boy in 10 (6%) identified themselves as being from a Gypsy, Romany or Traveller background; - half of children (50%) reported that they had been physically restrained in their establishment; - when asked if they had ever felt unsafe at their establishment, 40% of boys said they had felt unsafe; - children who had felt unsafe were more likely than other children to report negatively across a range of areas of daily life, such as relationships with staff and victimisation from both other children and members of staff, suggesting that that strategies to help children feel safer should focus on addressing a range of issues. A comparison between the survey responses of young people held in YOIs and STCs during 2017-18 showed that children in STCs were more likely to report that staff treated them with respect (87% compared with 64% in YOIs). Details: London, UK: HM Inspectorate of Prisons, 2019. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 3, 2019 at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/01/6.5164_HMI_Children-in-Custody-2017-18_A4_v10_web.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons/inspections/children-in-custody-2017-18/ Shelf Number: 154756 Keywords: At-Risk YouthsChildrenEnglandJuvenile Detention CenterJuvenilesPrisonSecure Training CenterYoung Offender InstituteYouth Justice BoardYouths |